Who is at Fault in a Motorcycle Accident?

Fault in a Motorcycle Accident can be traumatic events, leaving victims with severe injuries, financial burdens, and a myriad of legal questions. One of the most pressing questions after such an accident is, “Who is at fault?” Determining fault in a motorcycle accident is crucial as it affects everything from insurance claims to potential lawsuits.

In this comprehensive article, we will explore the various factors that contribute to establishing fault in a motorcycle accident and provide insights into the legal processes involved.

Understanding the Basics of Fault in Motorcycle Accidents

When it comes to motorcycle accidents, understanding how fault is determined is essential for anyone involved, whether you’re a motorcyclist, a motorist, or even a pedestrian. Fault determination not only influences the legal outcomes but also impacts insurance claims and compensation. The process of establishing fault can be intricate, requiring a comprehensive analysis of the accident’s circumstances, the actions of those involved, and the laws governing road safety.

The Legal Concept of Fault

Fault, in legal terms, refers to the responsibility for an accident or injury. In the context of motorcycle accidents, the person who is at fault is the one whose actions (or inactions) led to the collision. This determination is vital because it dictates who is liable for damages, which can include medical bills, repair costs, lost wages, and other expenses related to the accident.

• Duty of Care: At the heart of fault determination is the concept of duty of care. All drivers, including motorcyclists, have a legal obligation to exercise reasonable care when operating their vehicles. This duty of care means obeying traffic laws, driving at safe speeds, staying alert, and taking precautions to avoid accidents. When a driver breaches this duty of care—by speeding, running a red light, or engaging in distracted driving, for example—they may be deemed negligent.
• Proving Breach of Duty: To establish fault, it’s not enough to claim that the other party was negligent. It must be proven that they breached their duty of care and that this breach directly caused the accident. This is where evidence plays a crucial role. Eyewitness testimonies, traffic camera footage, and police reports are often key pieces of evidence in proving that a breach of duty occurred.

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For example, if a car driver failed to check their blind spot before changing lanes and collided with a motorcyclist, the motorcyclist’s attorney would need to demonstrate that the driver’s failure to check the blind spot was a breach of duty and directly caused the accident.

Causation and Its Importance in Fault Determination

Causation is another critical element in the fault determination process. It’s not enough to show that a driver was negligent; it must also be proven that this negligence was the direct cause of the accident and the resulting injuries or damages.

• Direct Causation: Direct causation means that there is a clear link between the negligent act and the accident. For example, if a driver runs a stop sign and crashes into a motorcycle, the driver’s failure to stop directly caused the accident. Without the driver’s negligence, the accident would not have occurred.
• Proximate Cause: In some cases, there may be multiple factors that contributed to the accident. In these situations, the concept of proximate cause is used to determine fault. Proximate cause refers to the primary cause of the accident—essentially, the act that set everything in motion. If multiple parties were negligent, the court might assign fault based on who’s negligence was the most direct cause of the accident.

The Role of Evidence in Establishing Fault

Evidence is the cornerstone of fault determination in any motorcycle accident case. The more evidence available, the clearer the picture of how the accident occurred and who was at fault. This evidence can come from various sources, and collecting it promptly is essential for a successful claim or legal case.

• Police Reports: A police report is often the first piece of official documentation related to a motorcycle accident. The police will typically arrive at the scene, assess the situation, and record their observations, which may include the positions of the vehicles, the condition of the road, and any statements from those involved or witnesses. While a police report is not definitive proof of fault, it is a critical piece of evidence that can heavily influence the determination of fault.
• Eyewitness Testimonies: Eyewitnesses can provide valuable insights into how the accident occurred. Their accounts can confirm or dispute the statements made by the parties involved in the accident. For instance, if a witness saw a car running a red light before hitting a motorcyclist, their testimony can be crucial in proving that the car driver was at fault.
• Accident Reconstruction Experts: In more complex cases, accident reconstruction experts may be brought in to analyze the scene and recreate the events leading up to the collision. These experts use scientific methods to determine the speed of the vehicles, the angle of impact, and other factors that can help establish fault. Their analysis can be particularly useful in court if the case goes to trial.
• Video and Photographic Evidence: In today’s world, many accidents are captured on dash cams, security cameras, or even bystanders’ smartphones. Video evidence can provide an unbiased account of the accident, showing exactly how it unfolded. Photographs of the accident scene, vehicle damage, and injuries can also be powerful evidence in proving fault.

The Impact of Traffic Laws on Fault Determination

Traffic laws are designed to prevent accidents and keep all road users safe. When determining fault, one of the first things investigators will look at is whether any traffic laws were violated by the parties involved. Common traffic violations that often result in motorcycle accidents include:

• Speeding: Exceeding the speed limit reduces a driver’s ability to react to sudden changes on the road, making it a leading cause of accidents.
• Running Red Lights: Ignoring traffic signals can lead to catastrophic collisions, particularly at busy intersections.
• Failure to Yield: Not yielding the right of way to other vehicles, especially motorcycles, is a common cause of accidents.
• Improper Lane Changes: Failing to signal or check blind spots before changing lanes can result in collisions with motorcycles, which are smaller and less visible than other vehicles.

When a driver violates a traffic law, it can be strong evidence of negligence and thus fault in the accident. However, even if no traffic laws were broken, a driver can still be found at fault if they were not operating their vehicle safely.

Comparative Negligence: Shared Fault in Motorcycle Accidents

Motorcycle accidents are often complex events involving multiple factors and sometimes more than one party who may be responsible for the collision. In many cases, fault is not entirely clear-cut, and both the motorcyclist and the other driver may share some degree of responsibility.

This is where the legal principle of comparative negligence comes into play. Comparative negligence recognizes that more than one party can be at fault and allocates liability based on each party’s level of responsibility for the accident. Understanding how comparative negligence works is crucial for anyone involved in a motorcycle accident, as it directly impacts the compensation that can be recovered.

What Is Comparative Negligence?

Comparative negligence is a legal doctrine used to determine the extent to which each party is responsible for an accident. Unlike traditional negligence, which assigns fault to a single party, comparative negligence allows for fault to be distributed among multiple parties based on their level of contribution to the accident.

In jurisdictions that follow comparative negligence laws, the total amount of damages a plaintiff can recover is reduced by their percentage of fault. For example, if a motorcyclist is found to be 20% at fault for an accident, their total compensation would be reduced by 20%. This approach is designed to ensure that each party is held accountable for their actions while still allowing the injured party to recover some level of compensation.

Pure Comparative Negligence

Under the pure comparative negligence rule, a party can recover damages even if they are 99% at fault for the accident. The key principle here is that no matter how much fault is assigned to a plaintiff, they are still entitled to recover damages, albeit reduced by their percentage of fault.

For instance, if a motorcyclist is found to be 70% at fault for an accident and the total damages amount to $100,000, the motorcyclist would still be able to recover $30,000. Pure comparative negligence is often seen as a fair approach, as it recognizes that while a party may bear significant responsibility for an accident, they should not be entirely barred from receiving compensation for their injuries or losses.

Example Scenario: Imagine a scenario where a motorcyclist is speeding slightly over the limit, and a car driver makes an illegal turn, leading to a collision. If the court finds that the motorcyclist’s speeding contributed 40% to the accident and the car driver’s illegal turn contributed 60%, under pure comparative negligence, the motorcyclist would still be able to recover 60% of their total damages from the car driver.

Modified Comparative Negligence

Many states in the U.S. follow modified comparative negligence rules, which are slightly more restrictive than pure comparative negligence. Under modified comparative negligence, a plaintiff can only recover damages if their fault does not exceed a certain threshold, typically set at either 50% or 51%. If the plaintiff’s fault is found to be equal to or greater than this threshold, they are barred from recovering any damages.

50% Rule: In states that follow the 50% rule, a plaintiff can recover damages as long as their fault does not exceed 50%. If the plaintiff is found to be 50% at fault, they can still recover damages, but if they are 51% or more at fault, they are not entitled to any compensation.

For example, if a motorcyclist is 50% at fault for an accident and the total damages are $100,000, they would still be able to recover $50,000. However, if they were 51% at fault, they would receive nothing.

51% Rule: Under the 51% rule, the threshold is slightly higher. A plaintiff can recover damages as long as their fault does not exceed 51%. If the plaintiff is found to be 51% or more at fault, they are barred from recovering any damages. This rule is often referred to as the “slight majority rule” and is designed to prevent plaintiffs who bear the majority of the responsibility for an accident from receiving compensation.

For example, if a motorcyclist is 51% at fault for an accident, they would not be able to recover any damages. However, if they are found to be 50% or less at fault, they would still be entitled to compensation, reduced by their percentage of fault.

Contributory Negligence: A Stricter Alternative

While not a form of comparative negligence, contributory negligence is a related doctrine that is still used in a few states. Under contributory negligence, if a plaintiff is found to be even 1% at fault for an accident, they are completely barred from recovering any damages. This harsh rule can be particularly disadvantageous for motorcyclists, who may bear a small amount of fault for an accident but still suffer significant injuries.

In contributory negligence jurisdictions, fault determination becomes even more critical, as any finding of negligence on the part of the motorcyclist can result in a complete denial of compensation. For example, if a motorcyclist is found to have contributed 5% to an accident by not signaling a turn, they would not be able to recover any damages, even if the other driver was 95% at fault.

The Role of Comparative Negligence in Motorcycle Accident Cases

Comparative negligence plays a significant role in motorcycle accident cases, particularly because motorcyclists are often at a higher risk of being injured in collisions. When fault is shared, the total amount of damages that a motorcyclist can recover is directly influenced by the degree of their responsibility for the accident.

• Assessing Shared Fault

Determining shared fault in a motorcycle accident involves a careful analysis of the actions of all parties involved. Investigators will look at factors such as:

• Speed: Was the motorcyclist or the other driver speeding at the time of the accident?
• Right of Way: Did the motorcyclist or the other driver fail to yield the right of way?
• Road Conditions: Were there hazardous road conditions that contributed to the accident?
• Traffic Violations: Did either party commit a traffic violation, such as running a red light or failing to signal a lane change?

The answers to these questions help to establish the percentage of fault for each party. This process is often contested, with both sides presenting evidence to minimize their level of responsibility.

• Impact on Compensation

The impact of comparative negligence on compensation is significant. In cases where fault is shared, the final settlement or court award will be adjusted based on the motorcyclist’s percentage of fault. This means that even if a motorcyclist was partially at fault, they can still receive compensation, which can help cover medical expenses, lost wages, and other costs associated with the accident.

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For example, if a motorcyclist is awarded $100,000 in damages but is found to be 30% at fault, their compensation would be reduced to $70,000. This reduction underscores the importance of accurately determining the level of fault in any motorcycle accident case.

Challenges in Proving Comparative Negligence

Proving comparative negligence can be challenging, particularly in motorcycle accident cases where bias against motorcyclists may come into play. Insurance companies and opposing parties may attempt to shift a greater share of the blame onto the motorcyclist, knowing that any increase in the motorcyclist’s percentage of fault will reduce the compensation they must pay.

Legal Representation and Defense Strategies: Given these challenges, having skilled legal representation is crucial. An experienced attorney can help gather evidence, challenge the other party’s claims, and present a strong case to minimize the motorcyclist’s percentage of fault. This can involve everything from analyzing accident reports and witness statements to working with accident reconstruction experts to provide a clear and accurate account of what happened.

The Role of Insurance in Determining Fault

Insurance plays a crucial role in the aftermath of motorcycle accidents, not only in terms of covering damages and injuries but also in determining who is at fault. The process of fault determination is intricately linked to insurance claims, as the outcome directly influences the amount of compensation that can be received. Understanding how insurance companies assess fault, the factors they consider, and the impact this has on your claim is essential for anyone involved in a motorcycle accident.

How Insurance Companies Determine Fault

When a motorcycle accident occurs, one of the first steps taken by insurance companies is to assess who was at fault. This determination is vital because it affects which insurance policy will be responsible for covering the damages. The process typically involves a thorough investigation by insurance adjusters, who gather and analyze various forms of evidence to make an informed decision.

Investigation Process

The investigation process usually begins with the collection of key information, including:

• Accident Reports: Insurance companies rely heavily on police reports, which provide an official account of the accident, including details such as the time, location, and parties involved. The report may also include the officer’s assessment of who was at fault, which, while not legally binding, can significantly influence the insurance company’s determination.
• Statements from Parties Involved: Both the motorcyclist and the other driver(s) will be asked to provide statements about what happened. These statements are critical, as they offer each party’s perspective on the accident.
• Eyewitness Accounts: Witnesses to the accident can provide independent observations that help clarify how the accident occurred. Insurance adjusters will often contact these witnesses to obtain their accounts.
• Photographic and Video Evidence: Any photos or videos of the accident scene, vehicle damage, or injuries can provide concrete evidence that supports or refutes the claims made by the parties involved.
• Physical Evidence: This includes the examination of the vehicles involved in the accident, skid marks, debris, and other physical evidence that can help reconstruct the events leading up to the collision.

Determining Fault Based on Evidence

Once all the evidence has been gathered, insurance adjusters will analyze it to determine fault. They look for key indicators of negligence, such as traffic violations, failure to yield, or reckless driving. The adjuster’s goal is to establish a clear narrative of how the accident occurred and to assign a percentage of fault to each party involved.

For example, if the evidence shows that the other driver ran a red light and collided with a motorcyclist who was legally crossing the intersection, the insurance company would likely assign fault to the other driver. However, if the motorcyclist was speeding or not paying attention, they might also be assigned a percentage of the fault, which would reduce the amount of compensation they could receive.

The Impact of Fault Determination on Insurance Claims

The determination of fault has a direct impact on the outcome of insurance claims. The party found to be at fault is typically responsible for covering the damages and injuries caused by the accident, either through their own insurance policy or out of pocket. This makes fault determination a critical factor in the insurance claims process.

Liability Coverage

In most states, drivers are required to carry liability insurance, which covers damages to other people and property if the insured driver is found to be at fault in an accident. If a motorcyclist is found to be at fault, their liability insurance will cover the costs of the other party’s damages, up to the policy limits.

However, if the motorcyclist is not at fault, they may be able to file a claim against the other driver’s liability insurance to cover their own damages and injuries. The success of this claim depends on the insurance company’s fault determination.

Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist Coverage

In cases where the at-fault driver does not have enough insurance to cover the damages, or has no insurance at all, uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage (UM/UIM) becomes crucial. This type of coverage is designed to protect the insured in situations where the other driver cannot fully compensate for the damages caused by the accident.

If a motorcyclist is hit by a driver who lacks sufficient insurance, they can file a claim under their own UM/UIM coverage. However, the motorcyclist’s insurance company will still investigate the accident to determine fault before approving the claim.

Personal Injury Protection (PIP) and MedPay

Some states require drivers to carry Personal Injury Protection (PIP) or Medical Payments (MedPay) coverage, which pays for the insured’s medical expenses regardless of who is at fault. These types of coverage provide immediate financial assistance for medical bills, which can be especially important for motorcyclists who often suffer severe injuries in accidents.

However, even with PIP or MedPay coverage, the determination of fault is still important for recovering other damages, such as lost wages or pain and suffering, which may not be covered by these policies.

Insurance Disputes and Fault Challenges

Fault determination by an insurance company is not always straightforward, and there may be situations where the involved parties disagree with the insurance adjuster’s decision. When this happens, disputes can arise, leading to challenges and even legal action.

Disputing the Insurance Company’s Decision

If a motorcyclist believes that the insurance company’s fault determination is incorrect or unfair, they have the right to dispute the decision. This typically involves providing additional evidence, such as new witness statements, expert testimony, or further analysis of the accident scene. The goal is to persuade the insurance company to reconsider its decision and assign a different percentage of fault.

For example, if an insurance company finds the motorcyclist 40% at fault because they were not wearing a helmet, but the motorcyclist can prove that the other driver’s reckless behavior was the primary cause of the accident, they may be able to reduce their percentage of fault and increase their compensation.

Hiring an Attorney

In more complex cases or when the insurance company is uncooperative, hiring an attorney can be beneficial. An experienced attorney can help gather and present evidence, negotiate with the insurance company, and if necessary, take the case to court. Legal representation is particularly important in cases where significant damages or injuries are involved, as the stakes are higher and the process more contentious.

Insurance Bad Faith

In some instances, an insurance company may act in bad faith by unfairly denying a claim, delaying payment, or offering an unreasonably low settlement. If a motorcyclist believes their insurance company is acting in bad faith, they may have grounds to file a lawsuit against the insurer. Proving bad faith requires showing that the insurance company did not act in good faith or did not fulfill its obligations under the policy.

The Role of State Laws in Insurance and Fault Determination

State laws heavily influence how insurance companies determine fault and handle claims. Different states have different rules regarding negligence, insurance requirements, and the claims process, which can significantly impact the outcome of a motorcycle accident claim.

No-Fault States

In no-fault states, each driver’s insurance covers their own damages and injuries, regardless of who is at fault. However, fault still matters in certain situations, such as when the damages exceed a certain threshold or when a serious injury occurs. In these cases, the injured party may be able to file a lawsuit against the at-fault driver to recover additional compensation.

At-Fault States

In at-fault states, the driver found to be responsible for the accident is liable for covering the damages and injuries of the other party. This makes fault determination especially critical, as it directly affects who pays for the damages. Insurance companies in at-fault states are often more rigorous in their investigations, as the outcome determines the financial responsibility.

Legal Recourse for Victims of Motorcycle Accidents

Motorcycle accidents can be devastating, often resulting in severe injuries, significant financial burdens, and emotional trauma. For victims of such accidents, understanding the available legal recourse is crucial to obtaining the compensation and justice they deserve. Legal action may involve negotiating with insurance companies, filing personal injury lawsuits, or pursuing other legal avenues to ensure that the responsible parties are held accountable. In this section, we’ll explore the various legal options available to motorcycle accident victims, the process of filing a lawsuit, and the types of compensation that can be sought.

Understanding Your Legal Rights as a Victim

The first step for any motorcycle accident victim is to understand their legal rights. Depending on the circumstances of the accident, victims may have the right to pursue compensation for their injuries, property damage, lost wages, and other related costs. These rights are grounded in personal injury law, which seeks to make the injured party “whole” again by providing financial compensation for their losses.

Right to Compensation

Victims of motorcycle accidents have the right to seek compensation if another party’s negligence caused or contributed to the accident. Negligence occurs when a person fails to exercise reasonable care, leading to harm to another person. In the context of motorcycle accidents, this could involve actions such as:

• Reckless Driving: A driver who speeds, tailgates, or engages in aggressive driving behavior may be found negligent if their actions cause an accident.
• Failure to Yield: If a driver fails to yield the right of way to a motorcyclist, resulting in a collision, they may be held liable.
• Distracted Driving: Texting, using a phone, or other distractions while driving can lead to accidents, with the distracted driver being at fault.
• Driving Under the Influence: A driver operating a vehicle under the influence of alcohol or drugs who causes an accident is likely to be found negligent and liable for damages.

Victims have the legal right to pursue compensation for various damages, which may include medical expenses, pain and suffering, lost income, and property damage.

Statute of Limitations

One of the most critical aspects of pursuing legal recourse is understanding the statute of limitations. This is the legal time limit within which a victim must file a lawsuit. The statute of limitations varies by state but typically ranges from one to three years from the date of the accident. Failure to file a lawsuit within this time frame can result in the victim being barred from seeking compensation, regardless of the merits of their case.

Filing a Personal Injury Lawsuit

If an insurance claim does not result in adequate compensation, or if the at-fault party’s insurance denies the claim, victims may choose to file a personal injury lawsuit. This legal action allows victims to seek compensation directly from the responsible party through the court system.

Steps in Filing a Lawsuit

1. Consulting with an Attorney: The first step in filing a lawsuit is to consult with a personal injury attorney who specializes in motorcycle accidents. An experienced attorney can provide valuable guidance on the strength of the case, the types of compensation that can be sought, and the likelihood of success. They will also handle all legal filings and negotiations on the victim’s behalf.
2. Investigation and Gathering Evidence: Once an attorney is retained, they will conduct a thorough investigation of the accident. This may involve collecting evidence such as police reports, medical records, witness statements, and expert testimony. The goal is to build a strong case that demonstrates the other party’s negligence and the extent of the victim’s damages.
3. Filing the Complaint: The attorney will then file a formal complaint with the court, outlining the details of the accident, the injuries sustained, and the legal grounds for the lawsuit. The complaint also specifies the damages being sought.
4. Discovery Process: After the complaint is filed, both sides enter the discovery phase, where they exchange information and evidence related to the case. This process may include depositions, interrogatories (written questions), and requests for documents.
5. Negotiations and Settlement: In many cases, lawsuits are settled before reaching trial. The victim’s attorney will negotiate with the defendant’s legal team to reach a fair settlement that compensates the victim for their losses. If a settlement is reached, the case is resolved without the need for a trial.
6. Trial: If a settlement cannot be reached, the case proceeds to trial. During the trial, both sides present their evidence and arguments to a judge or jury. The court then decides the outcome of the case, including whether the defendant is liable and, if so, the amount of compensation to be awarded.

Types of Compensation Available

Victims of motorcycle accidents can seek several types of compensation, depending on the circumstances of the accident and the extent of their injuries. These damages fall into two main categories: economic and non-economic damages.

Economic Damages

Economic damages are meant to compensate the victim for the financial losses directly related to the accident. These may include:

• Medical Expenses: This includes the cost of emergency care, hospital stays, surgeries, physical therapy, medications, and any future medical treatment that may be required as a result of the accident.
• Lost Wages: If the victim is unable to work due to their injuries, they can seek compensation for lost income. This includes both wages lost during recovery and any future income lost if the injuries result in long-term or permanent disability.
• Property Damage: The victim can seek compensation for the repair or replacement of their motorcycle and any other personal property damaged in the accident.
• Out-of-Pocket Expenses: This includes any other costs related to the accident, such as transportation to medical appointments, home care, or modifications to the victim’s home to accommodate their injuries.

Non-Economic Damages

Non-economic damages are intended to compensate the victim for the intangible effects of the accident, which are often more difficult to quantify. These may include:

• Pain and Suffering: Compensation for the physical pain and emotional distress caused by the accident and resulting injuries.
• Loss of Consortium: If the victim’s injuries have affected their relationship with their spouse or family, they may be entitled to compensation for loss of companionship, affection, and support.
• Emotional Distress: Compensation for the psychological impact of the accident, such as anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Punitive Damages

In cases where the defendant’s actions were particularly reckless or malicious, the court may award punitive damages. These are intended to punish the defendant and deter similar behavior in the future. Punitive damages are less common and are usually awarded in cases involving egregious conduct, such as driving under the influence or intentional harm.

Role of Insurance in Legal Recourse

Insurance plays a significant role in the legal recourse available to motorcycle accident victims. While many cases are resolved through insurance claims, the involvement of insurance companies often extends into the legal process.

Dealing with Insurance Companies

After an accident, the victim’s primary interaction is often with insurance companies, either their own or that of the at-fault party. Insurance companies have a vested interest in minimizing payouts, so they may attempt to settle claims quickly for amounts that are far less than what the victim is entitled to.

An experienced attorney can handle communications with insurance companies, ensuring that the victim’s rights are protected and that they receive fair compensation. This may involve negotiating a settlement or, if necessary, pursuing legal action if the insurance company acts in bad faith by denying a valid claim or delaying payment.

Uninsured and Underinsured Motorists

If the at-fault party does not have sufficient insurance to cover the damages, or if they are uninsured, the victim may need to rely on their own uninsured/underinsured motorist (UM/UIM) coverage. This coverage can provide additional compensation, but the victim’s insurance company will still conduct its own investigation to determine fault before approving the claim.

Seeking Legal Advice

Navigating the legal system after a motorcycle accident can be overwhelming, especially for victims dealing with serious injuries and financial stress. Seeking legal advice from a qualified personal injury attorney is essential for ensuring that all legal options are explored and that the victim’s rights are fully protected.

Choosing the Right Attorney

Choosing the right attorney can make a significant difference in the outcome of a case. Victims should look for attorneys with specific experience in motorcycle accident cases, as these cases often involve unique challenges, such as bias against motorcyclists or complex issues of fault.

A good attorney will offer a free consultation to assess the case and provide advice on the best course of action. They will also work on a contingency fee basis, meaning they only get paid if the victim receives compensation, making legal representation accessible to those who might not otherwise afford it.

Conclusion

Determining Fault in a Motorcycle Accident is a complex process that involves multiple factors, from driver behavior to road conditions. Understanding these factors and how they interact is crucial for anyone involved in such an accident. Whether you are seeking compensation through an insurance claim or a personal injury lawsuit, having a clear understanding of how fault is determined can greatly impact the outcome of your case.